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Archive for the ‘Case Studies’ Category

New Favorite Exercise for Stabilization

Monday, May 10th, 2010 by Karena

Hey, Everyone! Just a quickie today and I don’t even have a pic so we’ll all have to tune into the same Pilates Psychic channel so you can ’see’ what I’m talking about here.  I have been using this exercise for the last three weeks for:

  1. Hip Extensor Strength
  2. Quadricep eccentric contraction
  3. Glut med, min, endurance
  4. Soleus and tibialis anterior endurance
  5. Spine stability
  6. Pelvic stability

Here’s how it goes:

  1. Stand on the side of the reformer facing the footbar with the right leg next to the reformer. The heel of the right foot is about 4″ forward of the shoulder rest (4″ towards the footbar but on the floor).
  2. The left foot goes on the shoulder rest with the toes in extension and the ball and heel of the foot on the actual shoulder pad.
  3. With, of course, perfect alignment, press the left hip into extension.
  4. I give my client a six foot dowel to hold for balance. Watch for hyper-extension of the right knee and accommodations in the low back

Notes: Upon extension, if your client has little hip extension or tight hip flexors the left knee may meet the line of the right knee but may not extend beyond that point.  As the left hip extends be sure that your client is not ‘dumping’ into the low back.

I’ve been giving this exercise to my low back pain clients for increasing pelvic and spine stability. I’ve also used it for a client with a hip replacement to really zero in on the hip extension process without a whole lot of extraneous ’stuff’ going on.  And most recently I’ve used the exercise with a knee pathology.

If you have a variation on this that you love, let me know! I’m always looking for new things.  K

Understanding Pain

Sunday, May 9th, 2010 by Karena
Dysfunction can create increased nociceptors and therefore increased pain

I took a great class from Eric Cobb of Z-Health at the Pilates conference about a month ago about understanding the neuroscience behind pain.  It was a great class and I find myself referring to one point over and over again with my clients and my staff so I thought you might be interested too. So here it is.

When there is an injury, let’s use an injured back as an example, the brain starts to create change to several systems in your body to react to that injury.  Let’s focus on just the nervous system, and then just one small part of the nervous system.

There are many different types of nerve receptors but let’s talk about these two:

  1. Mechanoreceptors: in charge of mechanics. It is because of mechanoreceptors that that we are able to receive movement information.
  2. Nociceptors: in charge of sensing pain. Sensing pain is of utmost importance to survival. Nociceptors can be triggered by any stimulus that your body/brain finds noxious.
  3. In a normal, pain-free muscle there is a balance between mechanoreceptors and nociceptors. When pain exists, an unbalance is created.The unbalance is created because of a tendency to brace or not use an area that is painful.  You tend to stop moving, and in our example the backs become stiff.

The brain senses a threat (because not moving well is a dysfunction) by erring on the side of caution, not on the side of performance, by reducing mechanoreceptors and increasing nociceptors.  With more nociceptors there is more pain. So your clients that are in pain are going to generally be ‘really good’ at being in pain because there are more nociceptors.  The more nociceptors, the less movement (because of increased pain).  The less movement, the more the brain senses a dysfunction and creates more nociceptors.  Classic vicious cycle.

So how do we stop the cycle? We have to move.  If we begin moving, the brain senses the need for mechanoreceptors. If the brain is sensing more movement then that signals an end to dysfunction.  And what happens with an end to dysfunction? Less nociceptors.  No more pain.

Eric Cobb, made an important point about increasing movement.  The activity must be active not passive.  Passive movement is not something that normally happens in a Pilates environment but I thought I should throw that in there.  The number of nociceptors will not change if your client is not moving her body by herself.  Do not, in other words, move your clients body for her.  Yes, I know, not really going to happen in Pilates unless you are working in the physical therapy sector. When your client is moving the joint, find every possible pain-free range of motion. It is not possible, in most cases, to decrease pain by increasing pain; it messes up the nociceptor balance.

Good luck and let me know how it goes!

Quotes from the Conference

Monday, April 19th, 2010 by Karena

Really invaluable quotes from the Body Mind Spirit Expo in Santa Clara, California April 2010.  These quotes are only from the instructors I worked with… Can you imagine if we could collect all the amazing quotes from all the instructors there??? If you were there and have a quote to add, please do!

P.S. Most of the quotes are from Mary Bowen.  She was our wonderful keynote speaker, instructor and I had lunch with her one afternoon.  And let’s face it.  She is extremely quotable!

Inspiration from the Conference

Inspiration from the Conference

‘My spine finally released at 75 years old. I can’t die now I have so much more to do!’–Mary Bowen, 80-years-old at the time of the conference

‘There are as many ways to do Pilates as there are people doing Pilates. There is no method that will adequately represent you. The more original you get the more successful you will be.’ –Mary Bowen

‘I love cats. Cats taught me how to release the spine.’–Mary Bowen

‘I didn’t breathe until I was 37, after work with Joe stopped.  Everything was too locked and tight and breathing only happened in the chest.’–Mary Bowen

‘Joe left you very creatively, freely to explore. If he approved of what you were doing, he [Joe] would gruffly say, ‘That’s good. Use your whole body.’–Mary Bowen

‘At the conference, do your second best. You’ll have a much better time and it will give you some breathing space.’–Mary Bowen

‘I just love this necklace.  It is made up of the fur of all my dead cats.’–Mary Bowen

‘To be terrific, you have to be specific.’–Allen Menezes

‘Effortless power.’–Eric Cobb

‘Google out, Zoom in.’–Madeline Black on assessing your client’s alignment

‘Shotgun approach.’–Madeline Black on looking at a global approach as opposed to looking singularly at one system

‘Don’t have an enemy because you’ll turn out just like that person.’–Mary Bowen

‘I give absolute permission for each of you to do Pilates however you want to do it.  As long as you are genuine.’–Mary Bowen

‘I couldn’t create a training program because it means committing to one god.’–Mary Bowen

‘If you are doing what you love and doing it from the roots of your being you are going to be valuable. It’s going to work out.’–Mary Bowen

‘The most important thing you can do is get them [your clients] in the soles of their feet and keep them there. Then they know where they are coming from.’–Mary Bowen

‘Never assume that what you say, they [your clients] know.’–Pat Guyton

‘Star everything you don’t like to teach and practice it. Figure it out.’–Pat Guyton

‘No breath, no core.’–Allen Menezes

‘I move my body and see if the equipment follows, that’s my journey right now.’–Pat Guyton

‘You all need to take the PMA exam.’–Mary Bowen

For Professionals: Extension Intolerant/Flexion Intolerant

Sunday, April 11th, 2010 by Karena

Just a little tidbit for the Pilates professionals… When you are working with a new client, you can begin to assess the product of their current or past pain and decide how you will begin working with her just by watching how she sits in your reception area. It’s an easy way to begin assessing your client… and they’ll think you are psychic to boot!

Observe how your client is sitting. Is he slumped? And how did he stand up? Did he press his hands into his knees? Yes, on both? He is very likely flexion intolerant and has some history of back pain even if he is not in pain right now. Avoid all flexion until you have a better feel to how he will react.

What if your client is sitting like she just stepped out of military training? Ramrod straight and even a little extended with the shoulders thrown back towards the wall behind her. Yep. Extension intolerant. Avoid all extension until you have a better feel for how her body will react.

So you can see, this is not rocket science. In fact it is right up there with the difference between long box and short box on the reformer. Complicated stuff, that.

For more information on flexion intolerance.

For more information on extension intolerance.

Does your back hurt when going down stairs?

Saturday, April 10th, 2010 by Karena

If so, then you might be what we call in the biz ‘extension intolerant’. Simply means that it hurts to bend backwards, even slightly. Besides having pain in your spine when you are going down stairs, you are probably also uncomfortable lying on your stomach, standing for long periods of time and some of the sports you played like basketball and golf have gone by the wayside. So what do you do with this information. You don’t bend backwards ever again. I know, brilliant, huh? Here’s the issue:

Picture 33What’s happening with ‘Extension intolerance’:

More than likely you have something pinching a nerve in your spine. This pinching could be caused by a number of reasons:

  1. Arthritic changes in the vertebrae are pressing on nerves.
  2. A disc herniation is pressing on a nerve.
  3. Swelling/inflammation is pressing on a nerve.
  4. A fatty deposit or tumor is pressing on a nerve.

See the common thread? Something is pressing on a nerve. And that something is jammed into the nerve each time you extend the spine or lean backwards: that is why you get those sharp ‘zingers’ or pains. So what you need to learn to do is to hold a neutral spine throughout your daily activities. It’s not easy but you can do it. Professional football players that continue to play into their late twenties and these days into their forties learn how to tackle and fall with a neutral spine. If they can do it while getting roughed around like that then you definitely will be able to learn to do it during less arduous activities than football. Good luck and the explanation for finding your perfect neutral spine is in the previous blog. Follow this link.

Does it hurt to bend forward?

Saturday, April 10th, 2010 by Karena

Picture 32If it does, then you might be what we call in the biz, ‘flexion intolerant’. Simply means that it hurts to bend the spine forward. It probably also hurts to bend over the sink to brush your teeth, or do the dishes. Sitting for long periods of time either in the car or in front of the tv is probably not your friend either. So what do you do with this information? The short answer is to not bend forward. The long answer is this:

Train your spine to work in neutral.

A neutral spine means that you are neither bending forward or backward. You are in your perfect alignment. Here’s how to find your perfect neutral alignment:

  1. Lie on your back with your knees up and the soles of feet planted on the floor.
  2. Rock your pelvis back and forth between an arch (pulling away from the floor) and a curve (pressing into the floor).
  3. Gradually make the rocking smaller until you rest somewhere in the middle.
  4. That is your neutral position. It’s a little different for everyone. Some will be able to slide their hand under their low back in this position and some may be able to put a small pea under their low back.
  5. Now use this position when you are standing. You can practice the pelvic rocking using a mirror and find your neutral while upright.

Important: In order to hold the position you will have to brace the muscles around your new posture until your spine and abdominal muscles get used to holding it, otherwise the muscles will pull you back to the alignment that you are used to. To get the muscles to hold your new alignment, imagine that a two-year-old is getting ready to punch you in the back. You brace to keep the blow from hurting. Remember, though, this is a two-year-old punch not a twenty-year-old punch. Don’t overdo it.

Now, when you brush your teeth or do the dishes you are no longer going to bend forward from the waist. You are going to brace your neutral spine and if you have to bend forward it will be from the hip joints so that the spine can maintain neutral.

A Tip from the Golfers…

When you watch golfers pick a golf tee up they don’t bend forward at the waist and they also don’t squat down and use their knees. They cantilever over. They put one hand on their thigh and the other leg swings behind them as they reach down to grab the tee. It’s excellent biomechanics. I recommend that you practice that one for all the lightweight things you need to pick up from the floor.

Coalition of the Navicular, Calcaneus and Talus

Saturday, March 27th, 2010 by Karena

Picture 30I recently began working with a 15-year-old client with this condition. I had been helping the mother with her scoliosis using a 3-dimensional approach and the results have been remarkable. I think she (the mother) was hoping the same would be true for her daughter’s condition: coalition of the talus and calcaneus and the calcaneus and navicular. The coalition in this young girl’s case is bony. These three foot bones are fused and do not allow for normal range of motion.

Pain is present in any weight-bearing activities for this young lady; a 5-minute walk can be an excruciating exercise. A congenital disease present from birth (inherited from her father) the pain from this condition does not usually arise until adolescence as the bones are finalizing their growth, which has been exactly the case in this situation.

About the pic: The pic shows the effects of coalition on the lower extremity. The alignment seems greatly exaggerated but is where the alignment naturally goes when uncorrected. >>>>
How Coalition of the Navicular and Calcaneus and Calcaneus and Talus affect the lower extremity alignment and muscles in this particular case.
  1. Since the coalition is present in both feet, both feet are flat.
  2. She is able to stretch the gastrox on a calf stretch block to an almost average degree.
  3. Initially, She was unable to stand and bend the knees more than 3-5 degrees before the feet roll laterally to compensate.
  4. The peroneals are tight (spasm?) as are the hip adductors, the knees are valgus, the feet externally rotate.
  5. The hip abductors are very weak.
  6. Most simply put, she can point and flex the foot at the ankle joint but that’s about it for range of motion. The motion of the talus in the mortise of the tibia is unaffected (dorsi and plantar flexion) but the forward motion of the talus on the calcaneus and the ability to supinate and pronate are greatly affected as are all the circular motions in between those ranges of motion.
What this client wants: To MOVE!

She is tired of being tethered by pain, so what do we do to get her going? Well, there are only a million and one tricks in any Wedges keep feet from rolling laterally with external rotationPilates instructor’s bag so obviously we can do all kinds of work that never touch the lower extremity. But when you are ready to tackle that, here’s are the exercises that I have focused on with this young lady:

  1. Hip Abduction (taking the leg away from the center-line). All shapes and sizes and reps. One of my favorites is just side-lying leg circles (and all the variations that go with it) on the mat. We also do side-lying single leg presses on the reformer using the footbar (watch foot alignment) and also side-lying leg work on the trap table using a leg spring.
  2. Standing. I have cut a mat (1/2″ thickness) into small triangles about the length of my hand. I put the point of the triangle underneath her foot between the 4 and 5th toes. From this position, I have her bend the knees. She can go about 1-2″ generally. While range of motion is small it is a great, great place to practice alignment. She activates the abductors to pull the knees into alignment. She drops the 1st metarsal (big toe knuckle) towards the floor to discourage rolling laterally. You can even see in this pic with all the corrections that without the knees bending at all, the 1st metatarsal is trying to pull away from the floor. It’s more exaggerated with the right foot.Pic>>
  3. Standing or seated. Throw a towel on the floor and have her grab it with her toes and drag it towards her using only the toes. Strenghens the arch
  4. Standing. Use the foot corrector to strengthen the arch.
  5. Stretching. Standing on the floor next to the reformer, face the carriage. One foot on the floor and one foot pressed up against the shoulder rest. One hand on the footbar and one hand on the carriage. Slide the carriage away for an inner thigh stretch.
  6. Stretching the arch of the foot. Pic>>Stretching the arch of the feet

This should help you get started. Let me know if you have any questions. K